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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toʃtalgem | om toʃtalge |
| 2SG: | toʃtalget | ot toʃtalge |
| 3SG: | toʃtalga | ok/ogeʃ toʃtalge |
| 1PL: | toʃtalgena | ona/ogəna toʃtalge |
| 2PL: | toʃtalgeda | oda/ogəda toʃtalge |
| 3PL: | toʃtalgat | ogət toʃtalge |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toʃtalgəʃəm | ʃəm toʃtalge |
| 2SG: | toʃtalgəʃət͡ɕ | ʃət͡ɕ toʃtalge |
| 3SG: | toʃtalgəʃ | əʃ toʃtalge |
| 1PL: | toʃtalgəʃna | əʃna toʃtalge |
| 2PL: | toʃtalgəʃda | əʃda toʃtalge |
| 3PL: | toʃtalgəʃt | əʃt toʃtalge |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toʃtalgenam | toʃtalgen oməl |
| 2SG: | toʃtalgenat | toʃtalgen otəl |
| 3SG: | toʃtalgen | toʃtalgen ogəl |
| 1PL: | toʃtalgenːa | toʃtalgen onal/ogənal |
| 2PL: | toʃtalgenda | toʃtalgen odal/ogədal |
| 3PL: | toʃtalgenət | toʃtalgen ogətəl |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toʃtalgem əʎe | om toʃtalge əʎe |
| 2SG: | toʃtalget əʎe | ot toʃtalge əʎe |
| 3SG: | toʃtalga əʎe | ok/ogeʃ toʃtalge əʎe |
| 1PL: | toʃtalgena əʎe | ona/ogəna toʃtalge əʎe |
| 2PL: | toʃtalgeda əʎe | oda/ogəda toʃtalge əʎe |
| 3PL: | toʃtalgat əʎe | ogət toʃtalge əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toʃtalgem ulmaʃ | om toʃtalge ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | toʃtalget ulmaʃ | ot toʃtalge ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | toʃtalga ulmaʃ | ok/ogeʃ toʃtalge ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | toʃtalgena ulmaʃ | ona/ogəna toʃtalge ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | toʃtalgeda ulmaʃ | oda/ogəda toʃtalge ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | toʃtalgat ulmaʃ | ogət toʃtalge ulmaʃ |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toʃtalgenam əʎe | toʃtalgen oməl əʎe |
| 2SG: | toʃtalgenat əʎe | toʃtalgen otəl əʎe |
| 3SG: | toʃtalgen əʎe | toʃtalgen ogəl əʎe |
| 1PL: | toʃtalgenːa əʎe | toʃtalgen onal/ogənal əʎe |
| 2PL: | toʃtalgenda əʎe | toʃtalgen odal/ogədal əʎe |
| 3PL: | toʃtalgen əʎe | toʃtalgen ogətəl əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toʃtalgenam ulmaʃ | toʃtalgen oməl ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | toʃtalgenat ulmaʃ | toʃtalgen otəl ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | toʃtalgen ulmaʃ | toʃtalgen ogəl ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | toʃtalgenːa ulmaʃ | toʃtalgen onal/ogənal ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | toʃtalgenda ulmaʃ | toʃtalgen odal/ogədal ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | toʃtalgen ulmaʃ | toʃtalgen ogətəl ulmaʃ |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | toʃtalge | it toʃtalge |
| 3SG: | toʃtalgəʒe | ənʒe toʃtalge |
| 1PL: | (toʃtalgena) | (ona/ogəna toʃtalge) |
| 2PL: | toʃtalgəza | ida toʃtalge |
| 3PL: | toʃtalgəʃt | ənəʃt toʃtalge |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toʃtalgənem | ənem toʃtalge |
| 2SG: | toʃtalgənet | ənet toʃtalge |
| 3SG: | toʃtalgəneʒe | əneʒ toʃtalge |
| 1PL: | toʃtalgənena | ənena toʃtalge |
| 2PL: | toʃtalgəneda | əneda toʃtalge |
| 3PL: | toʃtalgəneʃt | əneʃt toʃtalge |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | toʃtalgənem əʎe | ənem toʃtalge əʎe |
| 2SG: | toʃtalgənena əʎe | ənet toʃtalge əʎe |
| 3SG: | toʃtalgəneʒe əʎe | əneʒ toʃtalge əʎe |
| 1PL: | toʃtalgənena əʎe | ənena toʃtalge əʎe |
| 2PL: | toʃtalgəneda əʎe | əneda toʃtalge əʎe |
| 3PL: | toʃtalgəneʃt əʎe | əneʃt toʃtalge əʎe |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | toʃtalgənet ulmaʃ | ənet toʃtalge ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | toʃtalgəneʒe ulmaʃ | əneʒ toʃtalge ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | toʃtalgəneda ulmaʃ | əneda toʃtalge ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | toʃtalgəneʃt ulmaʃ | əneʃt toʃtalge ulmaʃ |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | toʃtalgaʃ |
| Necessitive infinitive: | toʃtalgəman |
| Active participle: | toʃtalgəʃe |
| Passive participle: | toʃtalgəme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | toʃtalgəʃaʃ |
| Negative participle: | toʃtalgədəme |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | toʃtalgen |
| Negative gerund: | toʃtalgəde |
| Gerund of prior action: | toʃtalgəmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | toʃtalgəmeʃ(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | toʃtalgəʃəla |
| Nominalization: | toʃtalgəmaʃ |
| Negative nominalization: | toʃtalgədəmaʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||